The next stage of our pre production research was looking into the editing processes. By looking at why and how individual shots are "stitched" together by different transitions to create a flowing piece of film.
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CUTS.
Straight Cut.
The most common of all editing cuts. This type of cut creates a sudden change from one shot to another, dramatically changing the scene.
Match Cut.
The Match cut is similar to a straight cut, where it cuts from one scene to another; but by cross cutting between two actions in two different locations that are happening simultaneously, it enables the storyline to flow and link continuously.
Jump Cut.
A Jump cut is where two shots of the same subject are taken from angles that vary only slightly. This type of edit causes the subject of the shots appear to jump position. This shot is sometimes classed as a violation of traditional continuity.
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POST PRODUCTION.
Editors Cut.
First stage of many during the editing stages, often also called a "rough cut." This is usually only raw footage, giving the director a basic blueprint of the main ideas that are going to be included within the film. Because it is only the first pass, it may be much longer than the actual film is going to be, as many changes and cuts still need to be made, whilst more shooting is still happening.
Directors Cut.
This is when shooting has completely finished, and the director can now work solely with the editor to refine the raw footage further. This is time that is set aside for the editors rough to cut to be moulded with the directors own ideas/visions. Scenes are often removed, shortened, tweaked and re-ordered, and shots discovered to be missing. New scenes may need to be filmed at this point.
Final Cut.
Many screenings are made of the "final cut", often by other producers other than the director. These producers represent production companies and movie studios. This is where all the edits and changes have been made, and ready for opinions and reviews from such companies ready for final release to the public. If the opinions of the director and the producers acting as production companies do not agree, it can lead to the use of an "Alan Smithee" credit. This is a credit saying that the director no longer wants to be associated with the final release.
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TRANSITIONS.
Dissolve.
Slowly fades out one shot, by bringing another different shot into focus. At one point, both shots are on screen at the same time; in a transparent manner.
Fade.
One shot slowly fades out of shot, before another fades in to appear.
Wipe.
A wipe can use different shapes and directions to push one shot off screen, and bring another shot onto it.
Split Screen.
The screen divides into sections, (traditionally into two) to show two lots of actions happening at the same time on one screen. The shots are usually similar in these actions. This is what we plan to use within our own piece of work.
Superimposition.
When two shots are placed directly over the top of one another, gradually replacing the one underneath.
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